Analysis on the Characteristics of Quality Variation of National Medical Device Supervision and Inspection in 2020 / 中国医疗器械杂志

This study is based on the summary of the characteristics of quality variation of national medical device supervision and inspection in 2020. According to the results of the national medical device supervision and inspection through comparative analysis, this study puts forward suggestions on the medical device production and supervision measures for the post-marketing products, so as to further improve the level of the medical device and ensure the safety use of medical device.

Comparative study on short and long-term intervention impacts of six Chinese herbs with cold or heat property on lipid and energy metabolism in mice / 中国中药杂志

This study selected three typical Chinese herbs with cold property(Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, and Coptidis Rhizoma) and another three with heat property(Cinnamomi Cortex, Zingiberris Rhizoma, and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) to observe their regulatory effects on metabolism in animal organism, especially on lipid and energy metabolism in mice after a short-(7 d) and long-term(35 d) intervention. The mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism genes in epididymal adipose tissue and liver were determined by real-time PCR. The oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and energy consumption were detected by metabolic system. After the short-term intervention, the Chinese herbs with heat property significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue index and elevated the expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC), lipoprotein lipase(LPL), and carnitine-palmityl transferase 1(CPT-1) in liver and epididymal adipose tissues. However, those with cold property promoted the expression of above-mentioned genes in epididymal adipose tissue. After the long-term intervention, cold and heat Chinese herbs had no significant effect on epididymal adipose tissue index of animals, while cold Chinese herbs could increase carbon dioxide production and energy consumption and reduce activity. These findings demonstrated that the short-term intervention effects of cold and heat Chinese herbs on animal metabolism were significantly stronger than the long-term intervention effects. Specifically, the short-term intervention with cold Chinese herbs enhanced the lipid metabolism in epididymal adipose tissue, while the heat Chinese herbs promoted lipid metabolism in epididymal adipose tissue and liver. The long-term intervention with cold and heat Chinese herbs resulted in no obvious change in lipid level, but long-term intervention with cold Chinese herbs accelerated energy consumption of the body. This study preliminarily observed the effects of cold and heat Chinese herbs on normal animal physiology from lipid and energy metabolism, which would provide reference for explaining the biological basis of Chinese herbs with cold or heat property based on biological response.

The overall action molecular mechanism of anti-hepatitis B active extracts in Flos chrysanthemi indici based on epigenetics and metabonomics / 药学学报

Using the concepts and methods of epigenetics and metabolomics, to investigate the overall action molecular mechanism of Chrysanthemi indici C (CIC), the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) active extracts from Flos chrysanthemi indici. The inhibitory effects of CIC on proliferation and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) and HBV-DNA of HepG2.2.15 cells were detected by CCK-8 and antigen kit. The DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs)/ten-eleven-translocation-2 (TET2) equilibrium was detected by ELISA. Illumina 850K methylation chip, pyrosequencing and qPCR were used to determine the action pathway and target of CIC by GO and KEGG analysis. Cell metabolites were extracted with 80% methanol, and the changes of differential metabolites, differential metabolic pathways and cell microenvironment were detected by LC-MS and other metabolomics methods. The results showed that CIC could inhibit the proliferation, HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV-DNA of HepG2.2.15 cells obviously, down-regulate DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) and DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b), up-regulate TET2, and restore the balance of DNMTs/TET2. The action targets of CIC were phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 (PIK3R3), 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B (HTR2B), nerve growth factor (NGF), mainly involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation mediated regulation of transient receptor potential (TRP), phospholipase D signaling and advanced glycation end product-receptor for AGE (AGE-RAGE) signaling in diabetic complications pathways. CIC could significantly affect fatty acid metabolism and had great influence on phenolic acid, alkaloid and lipid metabolites in cell microenvironment. These results suggest that the action mechanism of CIC may be the synergistic action of multiple pathways and multiple targets, including related inflammatory pathways, immune pathways and lipid metabolism, through regulating epigenetic expression balance and restoring the balance of cell microenvironment.

The role of androgen in male sexual arousal / 中华男科学杂志

Sexual arousal is an important factor for the success of sexual behavior, and regulated by the central nervous system, its underlying mechanism is very complicated. Androgen is the most important endocrine hormone in men, which is deeply involved in the whole process of male sexual response, but how it regulates male sexual arousal has not been fully clarified and remains one of the hotspots in current andrological research. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of the advances in the studies of the related role and mechanism of androgen in male sexual arousal. In the central nervous system, androgen regulates the release of dopamine neurotransmitters by binding androgen receptors or metabolizing neurosteroids, thus activating the brain reward system. Besides, androgen regulates the neuronal plasticity and spinous process formation in the neural circuit of sexual arousal to ensure successful activation and conduction of the neural circuit. However, the specific regulating mechanism of sexual arousal remains to be further explored.

Clinical diagnostic value of plasma exosomes S100P protein in patients with heatstroke / 解放军医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the plasma exosome S100P levels in patients with heatstroke and evaluate its clinical diagnostic value. Methods: Thirty heatstroke patients were selected from June 2016 to June 2018 in the General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, and 15 healthy people in the Physical Examination Center of our hospital were selected as control. The venous blood was collected, followed by plasma exosomes extraction using polyethylene glycol precipitation. The plasma exosome S100P was quantified by ELISA. The correlation analysis between plasma exosomal S100P, clinical indicators, and disease severity was performed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of plasma exosome S100P in diagnosing heatstroke. Results: The level of plasma exosomes S100P in patients with heatstroke significantly increased [healthy people vs. heatstroke patients: (195.89 ± 131.97) pg/ml vs. (1163.62 ± 747.15) pg/ml, P<0.001], and the level of plasma exosome S100P was significantly correlated with the severity of heatstroke patients [Mild heatstroke patients vs. severe heatstroke patients (553.63 ± 311.85) pg/ml vs. (1570.28 ± 672.03) pg/ml, P<0.001]. The correlation coefficients r of plasma exosome S100P with APACHE II score, SOFA score and MODS score were 0.888, 0.901, and 0.887, respectively (P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of heatstroke by plasma exosomal S100P was 0.931 (95%CI 0.857-1.000, P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve of plasma exosomal S100P for assessing the severity of heatstroke was 0.956 (95%CI 0.890-1.000, P<0.001). Conclusion: The level of plasma exosomal S100P correlates with severity of heatstroke and can be used as a potential marker for diagnosis and prognosis of heatstroke.

Survey on the Accompanying Experience of Palliative Hospice Volunteers in Peking Union Medical College Hospital / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the experience of accompanying dying patients among hospice and palliative care (HPC) volunteers. Methods By applying the methodologies of phenomenological research and participatory observation,the experiences,awareness,and expectations of accompanying dying patients of 10 volunteers in our center were investigated. Results The experiences of 10 volunteers in HPC could be summarized into three subjects:volunteer personal cognition,volunteer demand and family support,and volunteers' expectations of hospital and society. These could be further divided into 6 sub-themes regarding the personal cognition and feelings of the volunteers:unknown,hostile,suspicious,helpless,role positioning,and passing the message of illness. Three sub-themes associated with individual needs and family support were:self motivation,family ties,and family support. Five sub-themes concerning volunteers' expectations for hospitals and society were:confusion of concept,lack of palliative idea,reach-out service,humanistic care,and adoption of palliative concept. Conclusion sHPC team should widely promote the concept of HPC,seeking supports from individuals,families,and the whole society. A strong volunteer team with robust volunteer service mode and standardized admittance,training,and supervision systems are needed. In particular,strengthened supervision and training of HPC volunteers and standard volunteer system are conducive to the improvement of HPC services in hospitals.

Osteopractic total flavone promoting rat extra-articular tendon-bone healing through mTOR pathway / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore function and related molecular mechanism of osteopractic total flavone (OTF) on tendon healing in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten male rats aged for 8 weeks were collected and weighted from 180 to 220 g. Tendon stem cells were cultivated, the third tendon stem cells were used for experiment. OTP treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 10 ng/ml were added into tendon stem cells, and expression change of ALP, Runx2, OCN, VEGF, P-S6, P-4E/BP1 were detected after 14 days. Forty male rats aged for 8 weeks (weighted 180 to 220 g) were established extra-articular tendon-bone transplanting healing model, and divided into experimental group and control group. Experimental group were treated with OTF(100 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹), while control group was treated by normal saline with the same volume. Tendon-bone healing degree were detected by biomechanical testing at 3 and 6 weeks after surgery, histological detection were applied to detect tendon-bone healing and number of new vessles.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treated by OTP, ALP staining and active index detection showed there were statistical differences among 0, 0.1, 1, 10 ng/ml group. After 14 days' cultivation, western blotting results showed mTOR downstream marker protein P-S6 protein expression were gradually increased with increase of density of OTP, expression of P-4E/BP1 was reduced, while expression of Runx2, OCN, VEGF were increased. Biological detection results showed that there was no significant difference in mechanical strength between experimental group(0.78±0.05) N/mm and control group (0.51±0.02) N/mm at 3 weeks after surgery, while mechanical strength in experimental group (1.36±0.09) N/mm was higher than control group (1.01±0.08) N/mm at 6 weeks after surgery. Histological results showed maturity of tendon-bone surface cell were higher at 3 and 6 weeks in experimental group, sharpey fiber growth more density, calcification extent of mesenchyme was high, and new bone, vessels were increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>OTF could promote osteogenic differentiation of tendon stem cells through mTOR signaling in vitro, and stimulate tendon-bone healing in bone tunnel and enhance connection quality between tendon and bone.</p>

Correlation of reproductive hormone levels and seminal plasma oxidative stress with semen quality in obese males / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the correlation of the levels of reproductive hormones and oxidative stress in the seminal plasma with semen parameters in obese males.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the body mass index (BMI), we divided 138 infertile men into three groups: normal (BMI <24 kg/m2, n = 48), overweight (24 kg/m2≤BMI<28 kg/m2, n = 47), and obesity (BMI ≥28 kg/m2, n = 43). We determined the concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteotropic hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) in the serum by electrochemiluminescence and measured the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the seminal plasma by ELISA, compared the above indexes among the three groups, and analyzed their correlation with the semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, and percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The semen volume was significantly lower in the obesity than in the normal group (［2.63 ± 0.74］ vs ［3.37 ± 1.00］ ml, P < 0.05), and so was the percentage of PMS in the overweight and even lower in the obesity than in the normal group (［47.91 ± 12.89］ and ［41.27 ± 15.77］ vs ［54.04 ± 13.29］%, P < 0.05). Compared with the normal group, both the overweight and obesity groups showed markedly decreased levels of serum T (［4.83 ± 1.42］ vs ［3.71 ± 1.22］ and ［3.49 ± 1.12］ ng/ml, P<0.05), T/LH ratio (1.53 ± 0.57 vs 1.19 ± 0.54 and 0.97 ± 0.51, P<0.05), SOD (［112.05 ± 10.54］ vs ［105.85 ± 6.93］ and ［99.33 ± 8.39］ U/ml, P<0.05), and GSTs (［31.75±6.03］ vs ［29.54±5.78］ and ［29.02±4.52］ U/L, P<0.05), but remarkably increased seminal plasma ROS (［549.93±82.41］ vs ［620.61±96.13］ and ［701.47±110.60］ IU/ml, P<0.05) and MDA (［7.46 ± 2.13］ vs ［8.72 ± 1.89］ and ［10.47 ± 2.10］ nmol/L, P<0.05). BMI was correlated positively with ROS and MDA, but negatively with the semen volume, PMS, T, T/LH, SOD and GSTs (P<0.05); LH negatively with sperm concentration, total sperm count and GSTs (P<0.05); PRL negatively GSTs (P<0.05); E2 positively with SOD (P<0.05); T positively with SOD (P<0.05) but negatively with MDA (P<0.05); T/LH positively with PMS and SOD (P<0.05) but negatively with ROS and MDA (P<0.05); SOD positively with semen volume, PMS and GSTs (P<0.05) but negatively with ROS and MDA (P<0.05); GSTs negatively with sperm concentration; total sperm count and MDA (P<0.05); ROS positively with MDA (P<0.01) but negatively with PMS (P<0.05); and MDA negatively with semen volume (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent factors influencing the semen volume were BMI and GSTs, those influencing the total sperm count were BMI and T, and those influencing PMS were BMI and MDA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Increased BMI induces changes in the levels of male reproductive hormones and seminal plasma oxidative stress and affects semen quality, which may be associated with male infertility.</p>

Chemical constituents from Polygonum lapathifolium / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Polygonum lapathifolium L..METHODS The ethyl acetate fraction of 80％ ethanol extract of P.lapathifolium L.was isolated and purified by silica column,Sephadex LH-20 and ODS,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as 2',4'-di-hydroxy-6'-mehtoxy-chaltone (1),2',6'-di-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-chaltone (2),2',3'-di-hydroxy-4',6'-di-methoxy-chaltone (3),kaempferol (4),quercetin (5),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (6),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (7),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (8),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (9),quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside (10),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (11),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-galactoside (12),quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (13),quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-glucoside (14),quercetin-3-O-[(6"-O-transferuloyl)-β-D-galactoside] (15).CONCLUSION Compound 3-8 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Body weight, body fat and skeletal muscle status in elderly patients with diabetes / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the status of body weight,total body fat and skeletal muscle in elderly patients with diabetes.Methods A total of 71 elderly diabetic patients (study group) who met entry criteria and signed informed consent were consecutively enrolled,and 70 healthy subjects (control group) matched for age and gender were selected into the study.Body weight,body mass index (BMI),waist-to-hip ratio (WHR),total body fat (TBF),abdominal fat (AF),visceral fat (VF),visceral fat area (VFA),fatfree mass (FFM),total body muscle (TBM),skeletal muscle (SM),skeletal muscle height index (SMHI) and grip strength (GS) were measured by anthropometry and multi-frequency bioelectric impedance analysis.The rate of low weight,overweight and obesity was judged by BMI;the rate of abdominal obesity by WHR;and the status of muscle by TBM,SM,MHI and GS.Results The two groups were comparable at baseline.Compared to the control group,the rate of low weight [36.6％ (26/71) vs.20.0％ (14/70),x2 =4.791,P=0.039],weight loss [(1.37± 1.57) kg vs.(0.82± 1.12) kg,t=2.402,P =0.018],ratio of people whoexperienced weight loss＞5％ in 3 months [22.5％ (16/71) vs.8.6％ (6/70),x2 =5.219,P=0.035],TBF％ [(32.3±5.0)％ vs.(30.3±5.2)％,t=2.294,P=0.023],WHR (0.91±0.55vs.0.87±0.51,t =2.661,P =0.009),the rate of abdominal obesity [49.3％ (35/71) vs.25.7％ (18/70),x2 =8.355,P=0.005],AF [(12.1±3.4) kg vs.(10.3±3.6) kg,t=2.981,P=0.003],VF [(2.9±0.8) kg vs.(2.5±0.9) kg,t=2.853,P=0.005] andVFA [(99.8±26.3) cm2 vs.(84.9±31.1) cm2,t=3.045,P=0.003] were increased significantly in study group,while the FFM [(34.9±7.5) kg vs.(37.9±5.6) kg,t=-2.691,P=0.008],SM [(25.8±4.5) kgvs.(27.3±3.5) kg,t=-2.140,P=0.034],SMHI [(9.4±1.8) kg/m2 vs.(10.2±1.5) kg/m2,t=-3.081,P=0.002] andGS [(29.3±6.6) kg vs.(31.8±5.7) kg,t=-2.406,P=0.017] were decreased significantly in study group.Conclusion Abnormal weight,abdominal obesity and loss of skeletal muscle were more likely to be observed in elderly patients with diabetes.

Correlation of semen parameters with inflammatory factors in the seminal plasma of obese males / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the influence of inflammatory factors on semen parameters in the seminal plasma of obese men.@*METHODS@#Based on the body mass index (BMI), 171 males were divided into a normal group (BMI 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 are increased and that of VEGF decreased in the seminal plasma of obese males, which may affect the semen quality.

BMI and BMI Changes to All-cause Mortality among the Elderly in Beijing: a 20-year Cohort Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality among the elderly in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This analysis was based on the Beijing multidimensional longitudinal study of aging (BLSA), which included 2,090 subjects over 55 years old and was followed-up from 1992 to 2012. BMI-mortality curves were drawn to find the optimal BMI range with the lowest mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to obtain the hazard ratios (HRs) for BMI and BMI changes in the overall population and in specific stratified populations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During follow-up, 1,164 deaths were recorded; BMI-mortality curve was U-shaped, with the lowest mortality at a BMI of approximately 25 kg/m2. After adjusting for gender, age, smoking, drinking and some pre-existing diseases, HRs for underweight, overweight and obesity compared with normal weight were 1.372 (95% CI: 1.154-1.631), 0.767 (95% CI: 0.666-0.884) and 0.871 (95% CI: 0.830-1.246), respectively. HR for BMI drop was 3.245 (95% CI: 0.824-12.772) in the underweight group and 1.892 (95% CI: 0.830-1.246) in the normal weight group, HR for BMI rise was 1.795 (95% CI: 1.243-2.591) in normal weight group and 1.962 (95% CI: 1.202-3.203) in the overweight group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Keeping BMI in an overweight status and stable is related to a reduced mortality.</p>

Imaging of AMPA receptors and synaptic plasticity / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

In the central nervous system, ionotropic AMPA receptors mediate the majority of the fast excitatory synaptic transmission.Trafficking of AMPA receptors into and out of synapses is a highly dynamic process, which plays a key role in synaptic plasticity that is critical for higher brain functions such as learning and memory. Genetic alterations in AMPA receptor or proteins that regulate AMPA receptors trafficking have been implicated in various diseases, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimer′s disease, and intellectual disability. Thus, elucidating the regulation of AMPA trafficking and function is vital to understanding higher brain functions. Many studies have used live imaging of fluorescently tagged AMPA receptors to directly monitor their membrane trafficking in real time,but most of these studies were performed in vitro using neuronal cell cultures or brain slices.Recent technological advances have allowed the imaging of synaptic proteins in vivo in intact organisms, which enables the visualization of synaptic plasticity at a molecular level in living animals.In this review, we mainly discuss the latest development in AMPA receptors trafficking studies and elucidate the contributions of receptor imaging in vitro and in vivo to understanding the molecular mechanisms under-lying synaptic plasticity.

Comparison of the Clinical Outcomes of Fresh Embryo Transfer with GnRH Agonist Long Protocol Versus GnRH Antagonist Protocol in Different Age Groups and Different Responders / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To compare the clinical outcomes of fresh embryo transfer of the in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer(IVF/ICSI-ET)in different age groups as well as in different responders using gonadotropin-re-leasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a)long protocol or GnRH antagonist(GnRH-ant)protocol.[Methods]A retrospective analysis was performed on 737 IVF/ICSI cycles,including 386 cycles of GnRH-a long protocol(group A)and 351 cycles of GnRH-ant protocol (group B),from August 28,2015 to December 31,2016. Then all the cycles were divided into sub-groups by ages and retrieved oo-cyte numbers:group a1(15). The basic information of patients and clinical outcomes were compared.[Results](1)Comparable results were obtained from group A and group B in these following variables such as fertilization rate,normal fertilization rate,biochemical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rage. But the stimulation period,the total gonadotropin(Gn)dosage,estradiol(E2)level and endometrial thickness on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)administration,number of oocytes retrieved and mature oocytes,ovarian hyperstimulation syn-drome(OHSS)rate,implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were significantly higher in group A than group B(P<0.05),and significantly higher cancellation rate of fresh embryo transfer was observed in group B(P<0.001).(2)When divided by ages,no mat-ter in sub-group a1 or sub-group a2,the implantation rate was slightly lower in GnRH-ant protocol than in GnRH-a long protocol, although they failed to reach significant difference(sub-group a1:32.6%vs 39.8%,P=0.067;sub-group a2:9.7%vs 17.9%,P=0.066). The clinical pregnancy rate was comparable using these two protocols in sub-group a1(54.8%vs 50.4%,P=0.429),but it was significantly lower by using GnRH-ant protocol than GnRH-a long protocol in sub-group a2(19.6%vs 39.1%,P=0.021).(3) When divided by numbers of oocytes retrieved,the implantation rate was significantly lower when using GnRH-ant protocol in sub-group b1(13.1%vs 26.0%,P=0.026),but we failed to observe significant differences in other two sub-groups. The clinical preg-nancy rates were comparable in all sub-groups ,whereas differed considerably in sub-group b1 (36.6% vs 19.3%,P = 0.056).[Conclusion]Overall,the implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were higher in GnRH-a long protocol than those in GnRH-ant protocol. Nevertheless,GnRH-ant protocol could reduce the dosage of Gn,shorten the treatment duration,and effectively reduce the occurrence of OHSS. There were similar pregnancy outcomes in two protocols for normal responders and high responders ,while for advanced patients or other poor responders,the implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were higher in GnRH-a protocol.

Effect of total flavonoids of astragalus on endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, calumenin and connecxin 43 in suckling mouse myocardium with myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B3 / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of total flavonoids of astragalus on the expression of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, calumenin and connecxin 43 (CX43) in suckling mouse myocardium with myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The primary culture of suckling mouse myocardium cells were randomly divided into control group, CVB3 infected group and total flavonoids of astragalus group. Firstly, to confirm the identity of the suckling mouse myocardium, α-SMA was monitored by immunohistochemistry method. Then the protein expression changes of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone-glucose regulatory protein 78 ( GRP78), calumenin and CX43 were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared with that of the control group, the GRP78 expression level in CVB3 infected group was improved, the expression levels of calumenin and CX43 were all reduced. (2) Compared with that of CVB3 infected group, GRP78 expression level was decreased, and the expression levels of calumenin and CX43 were increased in total flavonoids of astragalus group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CVB3 infection may cause endoplasmic reticulum stress of rat myocardium cells by increasing the expression of GRP78 and decreasing the expression of calumenin and CX43. On the other hand, total flavonoids of astragalus can reduce the expression of GRP78 and increase the expression of calumenin and CX43.The results of this experiment may be closely related to the effects of anti-arrhythmia with viral myocarditis caused by CVB3.</p>

Organic acids derived from Picris davurica and their anti-oxidative activity / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the aerial part of Picris davurica and their anti-oxidative activity. Methods: Compounds were isolated by column chromatography of MCI, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS; Their structures and anti-oxidative activity were elucidated by NMR, MS, and DPPH methods. Results: On the basis of 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and ESI-MS data, eleven compounds were identified as caffeic acid (1), caftaric acid (2), chlorogenic acid (3), chicoric acid (4), 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (5), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (6), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (7), 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (8) 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (9), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (10), and 3,4-dihydroxy-6-(3,4-dihydroxy-E-styryl)-2-pyron-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11). Conclusion: All the compounds reported in this study are isolated from the aerial part of P. hieracioides for the first time and show certain anti-oxidative activity.

Effects of fluoride on the expression of Indian hedgehog, parathyroid hormone-related peptide, smoothened protein and mRNA and on proliferation and apoptosis of chondrocytes / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To study the proliferation and apoptosis and investigate the expression of Indian hedgehog (Ihh),parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrp),smoothened (Smo) protein and mRNA in the cultured rat primary chondrocytes exposed to different doses of NaF.Methods The third generation articular chondrocytes of neonate rat were cultured in vitro and treated with 0 (control),5,10,20 and 40 mg/L of fluoride.The proliferation activities of cells at different times (24,48 and 72 h) were tested by Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT).The apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry.The expressions of protein and mRNA of Ihh,Smo and PTHrp at 48 h were determined by Western blotting and semi-quantitative RT-PCR,respectively.Results After exposed to 5 mg/L of fluoride for 24,48 and 72 h,the proliferation rates were significantly increased [(1.17 ± 0.07)％,(1.20 ±0.06)％,(1.16 ± 0.08)％] compared with those of control group [(1.10 ± 0.08)％,(1.13 ± 0.08)％,(1.15 ± 0.08)％],but the proliferation activity at 48 and 72 h in 40 mg/L group [(0.72 ± 0.11)％,(0.68 ± 0.04)％] was significantly lower than those in control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,apoptosis rate of cartilage cell in fluoride treatment group increased gradually [(1.47 ± 0.05)％,(19.87 ± 3.03)％,(25.30 ± 1.28)％,(45.73 ± 4.63)％,F =123.328,P ＜ 0.01].Western blot analysis and RT-PCR results showed that the Ihh,PTHrp,Smo mRNA and protein expression increased in the fluoride groups at 48 h (Ihh protein:0.77 ± 0.08 vs.0.98 ±-0.07,1.23 ± 0.06,1.37 ±0.07,1.34 ± 0.07;PTHrp protein:0.68 ± 0.04 vs.0.89 ± 0.05,0.83 ± 0.05,1.29 ± 0.05,1.16 ± 0.08;Smo protein:0.37 ± 0.01 vs.0.64 ± 0.06,0.67 ± 0.03,0.96 ± 0.06,0.69 ± 0.06;Ihh mRNA:0.77 ± 0.05 vs.0.98 ± 0.05,1.09 ±0.05,1.27 ± 0.03,1.46 ± 0.06;PTHrp mRNA:0.67 ± 0.07 vs.0.97 ± 0.05,1.07 ± 0.08,1.37 ± 0.05,1.45 ± 0.05;Smo mRNA:0.45 ± 0.03 vs.0.63 ±-0.04,0.71 ± 0.05,0.81 ± 0.01,1.00 ± 0.02,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Low doses of fluoride can promote the proliferation of chondrocytes cultured in vitro,and high doses of fluoride can promote the apoptosis of chondrocytes cultured in vitro.The expression of Ihh signaling pathway RNAs and proteins of the cartilage cells are increased following increased levels of fluoride.The results suggest that fluorine has activated the Ihh signaling pathway in chondrocytes and promoted the proliferation and apoptosis processes which might be involved in chondrocytes injury.

Total triterpenoids from Ganoderma Lucidum suppresses prostate cancer cell growth by inducing growth arrest and apoptosis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In this study, one immortalized human normal prostatic epithelial cell line (BPH) and four human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, 22Rv1, PC-3, and DU-145) were treated with Ganoderma Lucidum triterpenoids (GLT) at different doses and for different time periods. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry and chemical assays. Gene expression and binding to DNA were assessed using real-time PCR and Western blotting. It was found that GLT dose-dependently inhibited prostate cancer cell growth through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. GLT-induced apoptosis was due to activation of Caspases-9 and -3 and turning on the downstream apoptotic events. GLT-induced cell cycle arrest (mainly G1 arrest) was due to up-regulation of p21 expression at the early time and down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and E2F1 expression at the late time. These findings demonstrate that GLT suppresses prostate cancer cell growth by inducing growth arrest and apoptosis, which might suggest that GLT or Ganoderma Lucidum could be used as a potential therapeutic drug for prostate cancer.

Expression of Janus kinase/signal transduction and transcriptional activation (JAK1 and STAT3) in liver of fluorosis rats / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To explore the role of Janus kinase/signal transduction and transcriptional activation (JAK/STAT) pathway in rat liver damaged by excessive fluorine.Methods Thirty-six healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized by weight and divided into three groups (6 males and 6 females per group):a control group (drunk water containing NaF ＜1 mg/L) and two fluorosis groups (drunk water containing NaF of 5 mg/L and 50 mg/ L).After 6 months of experiment treatment,the fluorine contents of urine and bone were detected by fluorine-ion electrode method.The rats liver function was determined by automatic blood chemical analyzer.The protein expression of Janus kinase (JAK1),signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3),B-cell lymphoma/ leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-associated x protein (Bax) were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and protein imprinting (Western blotting).The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and the content of lipid peroxide (LPO) in liver tissue were determined with oxidative stress kit.Results The fluorine contents in the urine and bone in low-[(1.90 ± 0.12)mg/L,(210.37 ± 15.81)mg/kg] and high-dose [(2.20 ± 0.17)mg/L,(222.84 ± 10.21)mg/kg] fluoride groups were higher than those of control group [(1.74 ± 0.11)mg/L;(165.48 ± 10.37) mg/kg,F =33.840,69.149,P ＜0.05];the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in high-dose fluorosis group [(69.83 ± 11.18),(167.56 ± 50.85) U/L] was higher than those of control group [(42.67 ± 7.07),(126.31 ± 16.76)U/L,F =32.135,4.984,all P ＜0.05];the protein expression of JAK1,STAT3 and Bax (1.56 ± 0.31,1.49 ± 0.49,1.41 ± 0.55) in high-dose fluorosis group were significantly higher than those of control group(1.01 ± 0.11,1.04 ± 0.15,0.87 ± 0.21,F=10.923,5.361,5.009,all P＜0.05),and Bcl-2 (0.61 ± 0.15) was significantly lower in high-dose fluorosis group than control group (1.04 ± 0.17,F =16.017,P ＜0.05);the activities of SOD and GSH-PX [(7.22 ± 0.88),(7.23 ± 2.47)U/mg prot] were significantly lower in high-dose fluorosis group than control group [(9.52 ± 1.51),(12.01 ± 5.16)U/mg prot,F =11.627,4.824,all P ＜0.05],and the contents of LPO [(9.23 ± 2.24)μmol/g prot] was significantly higher in high-dose fluorosis group than control group [(6.09 ± 1.55)μmol/g prot,F =7.457,P ＜0.05].Conclusion JAK/STAT signaling pathway and the oxidative stress,apoptosis may be the pathogenesis of liver damage in chronic fluorosis.

The effects of silencing Smo gene on proliferation and apoptosis of rat primary chondrocyte / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effects of silencing Smo gene on proliferation and apoptosis of rat prima-ry chondrocyte in vitro.Methods The primary chondrocyte was obtained by mechanical-enzyme digestion and identified by Immunohistochemical cells ( ColⅡ) .The animals were divided into control group , control siRNA group and Smo siRNA 1 ~3 group.The siRNA was transfected into chondrocytes by lentivirus vector .After 72 h, the cell viability was detected by MTT, Smo expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, and the apoptosis of chondrocyte was assessed by flow cytometry .Results All types of siRNA were transfected into primary chondrocyte by vectors, the Smo siRNA 1 ~3 may inhibit the expression of Smo mRNA and protein in chondrocytes, and Smo siRNA2 had the highest silencing rate ( the expressions of Smo mRNA and protein were 0.19 ±0.03 and 0.39 ±0.07 ) .The cell viability in Smo siRNA2 group was lowest ( 77.38% ±7.19%) , while the apoptosis rate of Smo siRNA2 was highest ( 21.43%±2.97%) .Conclusions Silencing Smo gene in primary chondrocytes may inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis , Smo may have a protecting role from apop-tosis of the chondrocyte.